Endangered Orangutans

    Currently orangutans are listed as critically endangered, the highest threat level before extinction. They can easily be identified by their size, long red hair, large faces, no tail, and extremely long arms. There are three species of orangutan all of which reside on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. Historically their range was across south east asia but with only approximately 104,000 (Bornean), 13,000 (Sumatran), 800 (Tapanuli) individuals their dispersal has also decreased. Their reduced numbers has been directly caused by the deforestation of their habitat. Orangutans are the largest arboreal mammals on the planet, meaning they spend almost their entire lives in the tree canopy. This is why deforestation impacts them so heavily when compared to other species, without the trees they lose their habitat and food source. 

 Orangutan Historic Range

    Orangutans are frugivorous meaning they eat fruits from the trees and have been dubbed the “gardeners of the forest” since they are essential to seed distribution. Some seeds even require the orangutans to consume them in order to germinate. That means with the loss of orangutans other flora and fauna will disappear too. Reducing biodiversity is a current problem and the extinction of orangutans would greatly exacerbate that issue.

    Conservation efforts have focused on preserving the rainforest from deforestation and returning individuals to the wild. The growing palm oil plantations have caused deforestation and are not a suitable habitat for orangutans. Deforestation is also a result of timber harvesting used for paper products. Conservationists call for governmental protection of the rainforest to safeguard against deforestation. There is also a certificate of sustainability producers are urgered by consumers to obtain that ensures the product did not contribute to deforestation. Additionally, conservation efforts are carried out through non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that do field work, such as replanting native species and patrolling the forest to prevent illegal logging.

    Through studying geography we can better understand the range of the forest so there is a defined area to protect. We can also better understand the extent of the current destruction and which areas are in the most critical condition. Due to the loss of habitat orangutans have been forced into areas they typically do not reside making it difficult to monitor and protect the species. Implementing the usage of geospatial tools will greatly help with mapping their movement and studying their behavior. 

What can you do?

1. Not buy products made with palm oil-these are the products most likely leading to the decline of the orangutan population.
2. Sign petitions-this forces others to recognize the number of people opposed to current practices.
3. Promote sustainable forestry through your consumerism-consumer demand drives the production market so through consciously choosing sustainable products those production practices will no longer be profitable.
4. Cut down on paper products-these are products that may contribute to deforestation in the orangutan’s habitat.
5. Spread the word-through sharing the information more people will be aware of the issue and hopefully inspire more change.